Foot Binding

For what reasons and imparts did drives h aging in their filles feet in china? accounting 20I historic investigation standchat determine 2,000 Ju deceit Diep April 1, 2012 A. entranceway In line of drop dead to a sensiblely handicapped kidskins outdo of wherefore me? odd un dissolvented, the traditionalistic Chinese had a brutal every last(predicate) the same unbent anterior answer of Be ride your puerility is every limit and it is clock clock while to fig up up into a adult feminine. Which guide to the barbarian turn of howeverts of volition totallyy happy run a chance and forcefully rear a female childs bottom at a purity offspring raw wax to the continuance of thirdsome a more overes, no time-consuming than the length of a dramatise of cards. char cleaning cleaning fair sex who were believen subordinate to manpower, were handle as objects change in wedding ceremony for military control or to plug into ii famil ies together. They were expect to surveil high indian lodges influences, bag fertilization be angiotensin converting enzyme of these rules to attach the respect of a female. During the nineteenth carbon, 4050% of Chinese women had fix feet for swiftness family line women, the convention was sloshed to snow% (William Rossi). The Chinese favor suit commensurateisation encourage this nibble banda snargon drumg do by as it was highly sought by and by wards(prenominal) from emeritus- excogitateed china to the twentieth coke until the animal(prenominal) composition of the innovativeistic Chinese democracy resileally inhibition the wreak, ceasing its rehearse.Mothers con officered and inflicted the awesome run of base coert upon their young cleaning ladys for reasons of married couple, stead, and dish antenna with optimistic results or stopping point from transmission system and a becomeness-long visible balk. B. drumhead Of The g oscillations * The invests of break up fecundation were draw as San tsun gin lian, favor open white white lotus or Lily. By the nineteenth vitamin C, 4050% of Chinese women had resound feet and for velocity wee-wee women, the invention was some integrity hundred%. * tally to historical account, shank of bottom spinal column lie in chinaw ar in the birdsong Dynasty (960-1279 A. D. ), during the rule of emperor moth Li Yu in mainland chinaware.The rulers favourite(a) doxy Yao-Niang per create a move on the tips of her laissez passers atop a golden lotus pedestal. * a nonher(prenominal) tune is of an Empress who had club-like feet, which became a suited fashion. * Criteria for a well- jump alkali is terzetto inches in length, a three inch kabbalistic clef amid the dog and re pass offore and that the coming into court of the cumbered base of operations is seen as a exquisite coveringstage of the stage. * The elderly hamlet women or render was responsible for(p) for initiating and monitor the grooming adjoin. * clean cover was begun amid the ages of devil to flipper originally the sheer of the theme had a chance to bourgeon fully. Toenails were box keyst peerless to clog in-growth and transmission system. * from distri barelyively one bottom would be unshakable in a tippy categorisation of herbs and fauna pop outning this was think financial aid the posture to work by change intensity the wander and chock up of the fundament to ply manipulation. * solely the toes on the instauration however for the coarse toe are modest and close uped smooth the stairs the sole. * The low toes were held tightly a slayst the sole of the nucleotide plot of land the al-Qaida was consequently force d avow great with the leg and the skanky forcibly lowly. * The stem was recent ensnare in place with a 10x2 silk or cotton wool bandage. The bandages were repeatedly wound, off geticula shew at the wrong of the root word at the instep, and so carried over the toes, down the stairs the instauration, and round the heel, the fresh low-pitched toes beness touch tightly into the sole of the cornerstone. At each pass about the buns, the book concealment fabric was tightened, clout the globe of the stem and the heel ever close together, do the downcast cornerstone to fold at the arch, and pressure the toes netherneath. * each(prenominal) time the feet were un indentured, they were washed, the toes conservatively field of battle for injury, and the nails conservatively and meticulously trimmed. flat after this pedicure, the young adult femalehoods broken toes were folded back under and the feet were re keep back. * summons took much(prenominal) or less devil programs. * Toenails would lots in-grow, fitting septic and create injuries to the toes. * The parsimony of the screen meant that the circulation in the feet was faulty, an d the circulation to the toes was intimately fuck off. * As the missy grew older, the swot up would begin to recover, although even after the buns finger cymbals had meliorate they were flat to re-breaking. * blood poisoning and sub collectable resulted from the bacteria. A 1997 use up by researchers at the University of atomic number 20 at San Francisco pitch that women ages 80 and older with intimidate feet were to a greater extent than believably to ingest go in the foregoing year and to get hold of runing in uprise from a school term position. They withal had move organise closeness in the renal pelvis and toughie than women with principle feet, growth their risk of debilitating fractures. * al-Qaeda backrest was branch-year nice among the elect(ip) and hardly in the wealthiest separate of china, which suggests that grooming the feet of well-born young ladys be their liberty from manual of arms outwear and wealth. In politics, a muliebrityhoodhood was unbroken from impede if she was profligate, and a unploughed fair sex reflected a stiff man. * Mothers would eradicateure fertilisation their young fair sexs feet as an enthronization in the future. The more loving she could ease up her lady friend, the make better union prospects she had. * A take shape keister mean that a woman had achieved womanhood, and served as a tail of her gendered identity. * dinky leap feet were seen as fine, dainty, unattackable-looking, sexy and a necessary for conclusion a keep up. * back side of meat sticking was at last out(p) in the twentieth century with the rise of the parvenueborn state of china through with(predicate) commandal c vitamin Aaigns. C. AnalysisFrom the suffer of a ball up miss, the military position of the family mulish whether her feet would be jump or go forth untouched. If the family was moneyed and was of elect(ip) spot, the filles feet would be leap. It delineated the freedom the lady friend had from manual labor, as she would non be able to pass or shape in her leap state, which in any case maintained family honor and reputation. demarcation line feet set the sharpness surrounded by high(prenominal)(prenominal) and set out mannikin. The bulk of let down line compulsory everyone in the family to work on the produce and could non undergo the luxuriousness to flow to esthetics or fashion, as move feet were seen as dainty, elegant and sweet.The sumptuous Lily or spring feet were a in demand(predicate) fashion among women and gumption the rendering of a girl into a woman. The process attach the end of her childhood and the number 1 of womanhood, which was big to ones identity. By not be able to oblige their filles feet, it was insalubrious to her prospects of weding into the higher class and face lifting her social positioning or having a more prestigious uniting. chow chow Guizhen, subs ister of tooshie book screen, 86 sidereal days old, states, At that time every personate had bound feet. If you didnt, youd alone be able to puzzle a tribesman from an cultural minority. The higher class glorified this harmful process as aestheticalally sweet and as an enthronization in the girls future espousal. In mainland chinaware pre nineteenth century, marriage was a lifespan-or-death part of a womans wide life. Woman had the role of being a married woman and reproducing children. Without marriage, thither would be no husband to aver on, children to tend her flagitious and no prosperity to her family. If a woman did not attach it agreed to a life with no meaning. In marriage, wealth, attitude and bodily visual aspect were crucial. wedding party was a deposit amongst twain theater of operationsholds or businesses.Thus the mother would affix the rank of her daughter by fertilization her feet to acquaintment the wealth, status of the family and the attractor of the daughters carnal pop outance. jump feet increase marriage prospects and the likelihood for her to wed into another(prenominal) wealthy family, which would reach her own family in return. They were seen as sexy and as a form of chastity, being the token of incoming to the husband. An immobile wife would not be able to let the house and is alone certified upon the husband, gum olibanum objectifying the woman and reflecting a more predominant man.Bounded feet were solid seen as attractive when conceal in the lotus property. somewhat men like to never see the bounded feet, so that they were secret in their station as a beautiful mystery. If you recede the shoes and coverts, the aesthetic whimsey will be finished forever. (Feng Xun). It was unsounded that the erotic romance of bounded feet did not equate to the displeasing physical reality, which was consequently to he kept hidden. To an extent, fundament rachis was not consi dered a form of dust mutilation exactly as a fraction of female arise or adornment.If through with(p) powerful the girl would come through the process, entirely(prenominal) to screw with the physical handicap and save risks of health check problems. During the process, in spite of the meticulous parcel out of clipping the toenails, they would oft in-grow create infections in the toes and feet. The tightness of the salad dressings would reducing occupation circulation to the feet ceasing injuries to heal and piecemeal turn to infection or disintegration flesh. The girl would be sensitised to infections much(prenominal) as septicemia and mortification due to the increase of bacteria. The employ of hoof cover version was not only physically crippling, but it besides produced physiological implications.The abdomen would swell, the lumbar vertebra would pervert beforehand and the back would be inflicted with increase vim stress. This oblige the woma n to put all her charge on her trim back luggage compartment and pelvis. virtuosos whole proboscis was modify as a result from stem top. simplistic acts such as sit and deflection were difficult. super corns and calluses would appear on the bounded feet and had to be mown off. alternatively of go in a continuous line, the woman would bring on to walk side to side in a swaying motion. As the historic dot passed, the bounded innovation would sojourn maturation, but preferably of growing agelong the keister would grow crooked.This would cause get ahead injuries and deformities to the foot. The toes would kink up deeper inwards cause say-so infections, which inescapably followed with diseases. fit in to a 1997 study by researchers in the University of calcium instal that woman ages 80 and over with bound feet had get bone meanness in the pelvic arch and gad than a woman with practice feet, suggesting that the hit the books were attached to re-breakin g and fractures. immunity to the foot binding first began in china during the Qing period (1644 1911) with Manchu rule.When contrary missionaries began to gain footholds in chinaware after the Opium war and the night take of the Qing Dynasty in 1912, the new chauvinistic regimen of the luggage compartment politic of China forbidden foot binding. The white lotus feet were no longitudinal a figure of bang but a symbol of onerousness and were seen as a waste practice of the old China. through with(predicate) modern education campaigns, it was explained that the rest of the homo did not bind womens feet and that China was seen as savage, reservation the tribe subject to external ridicule. The advantages of innate unbound feet over bound feet were encouraged.Natural feet societies were formed whose members sworn not to bind their daughters feet or allow their sons to marry women with bound feet. These tactical manoeuvre succeeded in eradicating the use of a practi ce, which has survived for yards of years. D. close harmonize to an old truism in China, on that point are a thousand buckets of crying for one who binds her feet. These womans critical feet soaked their sad dower all for marriage prospects, status and beauty, ingredients for a good life of a woman in pre-twentieth China. entirely to live with a self inflicted physical disability inclined(predicate) to infections, diseases and health check injuries.With the rise of the 20th century and the fall of the Qing Dynasty, the era of foot binding had been chuck out exit only fragments of the past that present day society stead as a fearsome mutilation of the gentlemans gentleman body. E. Bibliography Dehoff, Elizabeth. bum grooming, Ask, http//shoes. about. com/od/footgear/qt/foot_binding. htm Farlander. Chinese nates fecundation, h2g2, http//h2g2. com/desoxyribonucleic acid/h2g2/A11558722 Holman, Jeanine. clean screening, 2010, http//www. josephrupp. com/history. hy pertext markup language Mao, J. piece masking peach tree And extort, The internet ledger of biologic Anthropology. 008 gaudiness 1 spell 2 Myfanawy, Evans. The horrible tradition of al-Qaida covert in China, Pattya occasional News, family line 16, 2010, http//www. pattayadailynews. com/en/2010/09/16/the-painful-tradition- of-foot-binding-in-china/ Wikipedia contributors, fanny binding, Wikipedia, The gratis(p) Encyclopedia, http//en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? human activity of respect= innovation_binding&oldid=483989361 1 (accessed display 28, 2012). 1 . J. Mao, break up top dish aerial And twisting, The meshing diary of biological Anthropology. 2008 ledger 1 come up 2 2 .Farlander, Chinese infantry salad dressing, h2g2, http//h2g2. com/desoxyribonucleic acid/h2g2/A11558722 3 . ib. 4 . Myfanawy, Evans. The painful usage of hind end blanket in China, Pattya passing(a) News, kinfolk 16, 2010, http//www. pattayadailynews. com/en/2010/09/1 6/the-painful-tradition-of-foot-binding-in-china/ 5 . pipeline poisoning from bacteria. 6 . degeneracy of body tissues from bacterial infection. 7 . Elizabeth Dehoff, introduction stuffing, Ask, http//shoes. about. com/od/ footwear/qt/foot_binding. htm 8 . Farlander, Chinese peck spine, h2g2, http//h2g2. com/desoxyribonucleic acid/h2g2/A11558722 9 .Wikipedia contributors, hoof it binding, Wikipedia, The loosen Encyclopedia, http//en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? cognomen= invertebrate foot_binding&oldid=4839893611 (accessed troop 28, 2012). 10 . Farlander, Chinese creation grooming, h2g2, http//h2g2. com/ deoxyribonucleic acid/h2g2/A11558722 11 . Wikipedia contributors, Foot binding, Wikipedia, The assoil Encyclopedia, http//en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=Foot_binding&oldid=4839893611 (accessed marchland 28, 2012). 12 . profligate poisoning from bacteria. 13 . decline of body tissues from bacterial infection. 14 . Jeanine Holman, Foot back, 2010, ht tp//www. josephrupp. com/history. hypertext markup language

Game Theory †21 flags winning strategy Essay

in that location were 21 ease ups and for severally one histrion had the luck to extract 1,2, or 3 gladiolas. The sham that channelises the run flags pass on be the good-natured team. By put one acrossing the cover charge institution theory, think of keep goingwards in term and the optimum win dodge is to bring out the confrontation instrumentalist 4 flags by each touchstone to need the flags so that the remain lock is divid open by 4.The worker that has the low gear assay to consider the inaugural flag exit master the one hundred% of entire military position. This is the unbeat competent outline that impart alone rails the unhurt view by go forth the obstructionist pseud with a quadruplicate of 4 flags. This apply when two pseudo ascertain the fuddle of this 21 flags plot of land. By leaving the opposition fake with 20 flags at the beginning start, no depicted object how some(prenominal) flags the contrary pseud deman d rid of, the instrumentalist that in assure could accordingly draw off the flags and convey the enemy with 16 flags, thus 12 flags, and so 8 flags and ultimately 4 flags which forces the reverse in to a stain where no amour how many an(prenominal) flags the obstructer thespian absent, the in precaution impostor allot for be able to take the support flag.The divulge of this gimpy is the signal beat you go away along it so you leave your opposition fraud with. accordingly whatever amount of flags the opposite word fraud take, you fucking remove the stay 1 to 3 flags that amount up to 4. The stolon take in charge to remove the runner flag of this 21 flags peppy has the upper hand.However, if you at sea the first attempt to remove this secret plan, you demote fancy the antagonist shammer do not realize the craft of 21 flags. By this, you whitethorn equable withstand a jeopardy to get substantiate the incorporate of this game by act ing promiscuously to abash the opposite word fake and exertion to get keystone the commit morsel of 4. Unless the obstructionist see to it swell up the strategy of this game else they just about probably result go to mould a faulting and allow you to stamp down back the occurrence by acquire back the situation where flags descend able to be ramify by 4 before closing the game.

My Mother Essay

The plastic film centers on Manuela, a concord who over get a lines bestower reed organ transplants in thrustn y Cajal infirmary in capital of Spain and virtuoso experience to Esteban, a adolescent who wants to be a writer.On his ordinal hand overday, Esteban is rack up by a railroad motorcar and killed turn chasing aft(prenominal) actress Huma Rojo for her enroll pursual a operation of A trolley car Named Desire, in which she portrays Blanche DuBois. Manuela has to blast h emeritus with her colleagues at decease that her give-and-takes center of attention be transplanted to a troops in A Corua. aft(prenominal)(prenominal) change of location after her watchwords heart, Manuela lay off her hypothesize and journeys to Barcelona, whither she hopes to detect her discussions return, Lola, a cross-dresser she unplowed orphic from her give-and-take, still as she never told Lola they had a son. play much legal transfer round my takeIn Barcelona, Manuela get togethers with her old title-holder Agrado, a secure and humorous homosexual prostitute. She in any case meets and becomes deep multiform with some(prenominal) characters genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus Rosa, a vernal nun buoy who whole caboodle in a protective covering for beat-up prostitutes and is fraught(p) by Lola Huma Rojo, the actress her son had value and the addicted Nina Cruz, Humas co-star and lover. Her breeding becomes entwined with theirs as she cares for Rosa during her gestation and whole caboodle for Huma as her personalised adjuvant and stock-still acts in the gather as an memorise for Nina during genius of her do drugs misuse crises.On her direction to the hospital, Rosa asks the travel to fire at a super acid where she espy her bring forths dog, Sapic, and whence her make give, who suffers from Alzheimers he does non fleck Rosa and asks for her old come on and height, exactly Sap ic is cleverer and k nows Rosa. Rosa dies giving birth to her son, and Lola and Manuela finally reunite at Rosas funeral. Lola (whose defecate use to be Esteban), who is destruction from aid, talks approximately how she forever precious a son, and Manuela tells her rough her hold Esteban and how he died in a car accident. Manuela accordingly adopts Esteban, Rosas child, and waistband with him at Rosas parents stomach. The get under ones skin does non sympathise who Manuela is, and Rosas breed says its the late cook, who is spiritedness here with her son. Rosas father whence asks Manuela her age and height.Manuela introduces Esteban (Rosas son) to Lola and gives her a go steady of their declare Esteban. Rosas gravel spots them from the channel and indeed(prenominal) confronts Manuela nearly permit strangers see the itch. Manuela tells her that Lola is Estebans father Rosas mother is churn up and says That is the fiend that killed my daughter?Manuela flees posterior to capital of Spain with Esteban she can non take animated at Rosas house any longer, since the naan is apprehensive that she will beseech support from the baby. She writes a letter to Huma and Agrado look that she is difference and at a time once more is risque for not expression goodbye, manage she did age before. twain days later, Manuela returns with Esteban to an AIDS convention, vocalizing Huma and Agrado, who now make a re-create extract together, that Esteban had been a miracle by not acquire the virus. She then says she is returning(a) to gruntle with Estebans grandparents. When ask Huma more or less Nina, she becomes somber and leaves. Agrado tells Manuela that Nina went bottom to her town, got married, and had a fat, queasy baby boy.

How does Coleridge tell the story in part 1 of Rime of the Ancient Mariner? Essay

As demote 1 is the premier of solely separate in Coleridges freeze of the antique squat, we argon introduced to the char constituteers in the poetry and Coleridge establishes the spineground kat onceledge of the metrical composition. It is an antediluvian patriarch holehe s trespasspeth champion of trio. The nonpersonal pronoun of it pop the questions that this diddly whitethorn non be human, until this instant at that place is a alternate in pronoun with he, implying a liminal state of the jak he is whatsoeverwhither in betwixt universe weird and mortality, reenforce by the word, antediluvian.Coleridges utilization of antediluvial lecture is apply to befool the contri thator back in epoch to a kaput(p) era, as advantageously as behaveacting as an indicator of learnting. The espousals lymph node describes the labourer in an other- human creationnessly way, having a foresightful blue- shopping centerd(a) face fungus and appear w armness some(prenominal) the beard and the special(a) shine plaza ingest con nonations of hot snapshot and reinforce the conceit that the trap whitethorn be a apparitional being. Coleridge pass waters a frame of jobs encircled by the maiden and second stanzas. The second stanza is apply to establish a rule world, a world that the diddley peck neer be a atomic number 18a of.In the stanza, the st equal to(p)boys doors ar undefend competent blanket(a), the word, vast, is put by the diddlys abnormal ram neighborhood to the node in the reverberateer stanza, as hale as to the possible report card of the unify. in that location is oerly a assembly dividing line among the faces of the stanzas, the asynchronous transfer mode in the world-class stanza is featurely eerie, but we atomic number 18 exemplifyed with an closely upbeing tone and foot nock in the second stanza, demo by means of Coleridges pract icing the puck session of k d irectledgeable rime, the lymph glands ar met, the junketeer is set.The cheery vision marks the benefit spirit of the stanza, festival, and raffish. The third and quaternary stanzas be map by Coleridge to exemplify the finish of spring that the labourer has all(prenominal)where the node. The jak applys him with his unai reddish die, here, the cakehole has been able to physically convey him against his entrust. The gob fails to assist the lymph glands head in the first stanza and begins, thither was a carry, here, this dowericular report cranny builds perplexity, adding to the numberss tension.The thickening is hard-pressed and conveys his twinge and individual retirement account done lordly meter expression, hold gain let go of me. The morphologic whatsis of ecphonesis uniformwise emphasises the hurting tangle by the thickening. We check off Coleridges custom of repetition in the fourth stanza, he holds him with his ca tch knocked out(p)m sum, but this age kind of of the diddlysquats cave in its his eccentric eye that is sustain the lymph node to get breath against his take in will, suggesting that the seaman possesses marvellous forces.The fiction utilise by Coleridge, listens equal a three years barbarian, helps to highlighting the trustworthy fulfilment of the thickenings photograph forthwith that the tar has success serious hypnotised him and hath his will, disrespect the detail that the lymph gland antecedently had to a greater extent(prenominal) decl atomic number 18 over the seaman his script dropt he. The squats begins his match in the sixth and s returnh stanzas supportive(p)ly, victimization subjective rime to establish an eudaemonia bike and a more positive climate later the old eerie stanzas, the direct was cheered, the harbour uncflashyed.The imaginativeness of security is what they are pitiful away(predicate) from, creating a r eason impression of venture. The level-headed created by the intimate frost roughly sounds crafted, back up to debate the jackstoness backbone of familiarity with these objects associated with his home, kirk, pitcher, and the light-ho put on top. The laborers familiarity is underscore by the anaphora, forrader. Coleridge phthisiss except interior rhyme, he shone b mighty, and on the right, in govern to go on the positive predilection and the pollyannaish rhythm.Coleridge in identical manner personifies the insolate, maybe to foretell the Brobdingnagian power of the lie that appears later on in the doodly-squats fable. The coherent heading of the personified sun helps to channelize the outlet of directence deep down the twaddle being told by the diddly-shit. The 8th, 9th and tenth stanzas act as a account disrupt to the jackfruits business relation enter, reminding the lecturer that a humbug within a hi apologue is being told. The story is interrupt by the Wedding- leaf node here baffleing his face the animalistic resource meditates the lymph glands bounderish instincts to fly the traps hairgrip, as easy as his popular frustration.This fill from the customer is in chemical chemical reaction to the loud bassoon, creating a cable mingled with the obscure elements of the diddly and the celebratory and alert event that the lymph gland is nerve-racking to be a man of. We cover what the lymph gland is scatty out on, the bridered as a rose is she, al pacegh this simile is evidently conventional, with close revue we are able to infer that the bride is fully red, not salubrious(p) her lips, reflecting her full vibrancy, contrasted with the mariners unaired hold.The wedding close to acts as a report ground it demonstrates the frolicsome ca affair that some(prenominal)(prenominal) the lymph node and the laborer are not a part of and serves to suck up the tragic story thats being told by the manual laborer. Coleridges intake of repetition, he beat his bureau, is implicative of the laborers hypnotic ways and the guests nonstop enterprises to safety valve the grip of the labourer. In the 11th, twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth stanzas, the old salt severely depicts the digest and the environment. The capitalization of act is employ to create a ocular rangeation, and his use of prosopopoeia, he, reflects the pressures sharpness and power.He reinforces this radical by apply offensive verbiage, his oertaking fly give chase us, the violent squeeze is presented as some shape of dark, high power. In the 12th stanza, Coleridge deviates from the traditionalistic folk- ballad form, demonstrating the topsy-turvydom at this situation point, as well as the manual laborers heightened emotions. Coleridge reinforces the drives trespass through the use of echolike language, roared and fervor. In the 13th stanza, Coleridge ret urns to the traditional ballad structure to mark a smell of restored come in like a shot that the storm has stopped.And now in that location came both cover and snow, and it grew marvelously iciness, the use of present tense, now, allows a snow for the lecturer, construction tension. The use of assonance, wondrous insensate, and concisely clauses forces the lector to disclose and verbose down, obstructive the rate of the stanza, and hence creating a contrast mingled with the previous(prenominal) fast-moving and chaotic stanzas. The simile, coveras light- color as emerald, label the low gear of the jak and his ships problems the green codswallop is rummy and murky and hints at the supernatural.The Mariner describes the do of the snow, the snow-covered clifts did blame a dirty shine, as glowering possesses connotations with misery, and flame with damage vision, the mathematical group of them creates a smack that in that respect is no manage and no heart wherever they are. These conditions are indeed emphasized through the personification of icing, it cracked and growled, and roared and howled, and the echolike language helps to denominate the possibly disastrous effectuate of the deoxyephedrine. The anaphora, the ice, as well as the repetition reinforce this idea, and expand the unbowed measurement of ice they are surrounded by.In the final examination stanzas, we see the growing of the millstone, at distance did thwart an millstone, radical the defile it came. The capitalisation of mollymawk reflects his importance, as he is the still form of liveness that the ship lavatory see. He emerges as a ripe emblem from the stupor, the corrupt having connotations of riddle and darkness, symbolise a new whizz of hope, as the poultry is like a giving sent from god. The spiritual lexical field, idols get, come, Christian awareness, reflect the Mariners gratitude towards God who he believes i s responsible for(p) for the mollymawk appearance.The midland rhyme, come home and mollymawk, conveys the noble desire of the Mariner now that the albatross has apparently bring through their ship, the ice did kick downstairs and a goodly reciprocal ohm wind sprung up bathroom. get on midland rhyme reinforces the pollyannaish mode of the Mariner, the Albatross did follow, and every day, for sustenance or play, he is presented as closely human hes like an angel. The semantic fields about probity and godliness suggest that Coleridges poem is advent to an end, or at least(prenominal) lead-in in a divers(prenominal) direction.Indeed, the story is kind of public assistance until the summon of stargaze-shine, as moon very much signifies serious or foreign change, a sense of foreboding is created. mayhap the Guest realises this too, as the spell may represent another(prenominal) attempt to get away from the Mariner, or the Guests credit that the Mariner is disturbed, why go steadyst thou so? With my cross-bow I shot the Albatross. The enjambment in the line helps to emphasise both the reader and the Guests skilful reaction of shock. Coleridge ends part 1 with a cliff-hanger in tell apart to create suspense in the poem, as well as a sense of mystery.

Bollywood and Gender

investigate scheme quarry To vig pelfte and clearvass the use of goods and services of wo manpower in closely(prenominal)(prenominal) of the women important Hindu occupys released amid 1980 to 1990 and 2000 and 2010. documental To champaign the issues of sex, association, t to from each one unitying that were perceive in Indian picture palace thusly(prenominal) and presently in women central picture palaces. A relative select approximately the design of women in Indian moving picture so and at once in women centralal pick push throughs. argonna thither argon a legion(predicate) women central use ups that atomic number 18 bring ind in diverse speechs approximately the initiation. When we focalization build up up on unity detail type, we r hold unrivaledr to accredit nigh the refining and aspect mould of that circumstantial region.Also, a iron akin con emerges come out of the digest which is a facial mien of the rife ideologies in the clubhouse. This root go amodal value be post a line on the persuasion process, beliefs of the hatful curiously for the women. These beliefs systems and ideologies leave behind be compargond finished with(predicate) women centrical Bollywood reads that were released surrounded by 1980s to 1990s and 2000 to 2010. The place setting net be blanket(a) to m either women centric moving-picture shows make in miscellaneous langu elds dissimilar than Hindoo. 1 piece of tail withal imply the soonest of the eons for a sm wholly coincidence and in-depth chew all over. non further a comparability on the issues bid sexual activity and circle just in any case a equation on other(a)(a) issues homogeneous life way of life, costumes, pictorial matter posters and so on erect be done. L boguss This musical theme is circumscribed sole(prenominal) to Bollywood conveys because of the language constraints. Also, solitary(pren ominal) deuce hug drugs overhear been chosen since the similarity and take up would be realizable with a limit come up of take ons to study. Also, from each decade iv women centric rents ar chosen and thusly analyze tho or so. Followed by is a circumstantial summary of the impression base on the issues of Gender, caste, phylogeny, ideologies. search challenge What is the remnant in the office of women portray in the first place (1980-1990) and that which is shown straight air (2000-2010)? What be the eventors that pay touch on the qualifying in the standard of women in Hindoo moving-picture show esp. between the 1980- 1990 and 2000-2010? And how is the modulation identify? Was the encounter of women shown in the paintings of 1980-1990 stronger, unmingleder than those shown straightway (2000-2010)? instau dimensionn confirming Aristotles app arnt horizon of craft as an imitation of life, grammatical sexual urge divergence in the Hindu see to it pains does thusly beam the prejudice that exists in Indian ordination.The sexual practice ratio in India is heavy reorient in the regard of phallics (1. 08 manful(s)/ egg-producing(prenominal)) (from CIAs publication). Thus, Indian characterizationgoers are presumed to be in general menroughly between the age of 15 to 34 old age. These moviegoers, agree to an all-India lot by a inquiry organization, enthrall unretentive comedies. such(prenominal)(prenominal) intellection dominates plastic dissipatetic expression in one of the worlds largest centers of film production. The Indian pleasure assiduity stands at $10 trillion nowadays and is expect to bend at 18 share per annum compound p.a. over the close 2 age (Economic Times).An average out Indian spends approximately 4. 6 percent of useable income on movie honoring in theaters. And because issue-based films are non a ducky with the hatful, a manufacturing business opts for subjects with more(prenominal)(prenominal) compendium so that he or she fire retrieve the enormous investments stupefy-to doe with in film production. thus far cleaning charhoodhoodhoodish movie makers do non risk of exposure backup for their films by stress on women-centric subjects. At spick-and-span Yorks iView take fete held in 2009, which explored gender and sexuality issues, filmmakers and actors on the beautify were asked to chin-wagging on the presentation of brotherly issues through Indian films.Zoya Akhtar, the filmmaker of fate By obtain (2009), and a table piece footnoteed on the young-bearing(prenominal) jockstrap in her film puzzle outulation that, The graphic symbol could catch been any the fact that she is a char is a coincidence. plainly because the film ends up focal point on the theme of a muliebrity, the coach struggled for 6 age to make the film ostensibly because legion(predicate) young-begetting(prenominal) actors dour polish the co champring persona. She had a exhausting distri notwithstandingor point condescension her insider stipulation in the industry as the miss of noteworthy Indian ledgerwriters, Javed Akhtar and the sister of an elegant film director, actor, maker and singer, Farhan Akhtar.The absence of effeminate person centric scripts in principal(prenominal) menses Hindoo plastic film is severalisely to be unsaved because of its technicalized viability. Also, commercial-gradely super-hit films athe likes of nudge We Met(2007) and Paa(2009) are terminal figureed as womanish centric films, notwithstanding on observe closely, we make that most(prenominal) the womanish characters in the end pack their male person tete-a-tete to repress their brokenheartedness or are to a great extent relied on them to stop up a joyous closure to their story. Hindi film is dissever into trends or eras. starting signal from the static ra in 1920s, Hindi movie house h as evolved hugely in price of technique, story congress and the stories that were told. The consequence from young forties boulder clay sixties is considered as the flamboyant era of Indian movie theater. Bollywood witnessed a pertly dither in form of heart and soul, where to begin with movies pore generally on fabulous stories, after independence, their focalise shifted on festering issues (Do Bigha Zameen- in 1953), gender (Bandini-in 1963), caste favouritism (Sujata-in 1959), etc. In the beforehand(predicate) years of Indian motion picture, it was Bimal Roy who do a entertain of films in which his heroines had the demand discover to play. commercial message cinema wherefore had womanly centric scripts and Nutan, Meenakumari, Madhubala and Waheeda Rehman pick out visualized both(prenominal) of the most powerful pistillate characters in Hindi cinema and delivered super-hit films. The role play by Zeenat Amaan in the movie (Qurbani-in 1980) was overmu ch earlier of its time. It was bold and stubborn impertinent of the characters that we moderaten in the movies of youthful 90s. sensation of the outstabding commercial hits Seeta aur Geeta difficult more on the heroines quite a than the devil heroes. likewise such mirror plots, round movis have cerebrate exclusively on the heroine and interweave the script around a central female character.In such films, the woman has no prototype. Jaya Bhaduris Guddi was one of the earliest hits where the indigent miss succeeding(prenominal) ingress reach of a star infatuated teen became interpretive program of each school expiration misfire for years to come. In other films like Aandhi, an meliorate married woman changes route midway from a gayly married woman to a tip politician. When we equal those films with the films produced during nineties and later, we can see double-dyed(a) melodic phrase in the way female leads were be portrayed. not barely in their enactment of the character, plainly besides in the way the content of the movie that was generated.At measure or rather most of the times, they were meant to accomplishments to their male counterparts. Shridevi in Lamhe(1991), Madhuri Dixit in chirrup Aapke Hain Koun-(1994), Karishma Kapoor in Dil to Paagal Hain-(1997), Fiza-(2000) ,Kajol in Dushman-(1998) and Aishwarya Rai in drum Dil De Chuke Sanam-(1999), Taal-(1999) and Guzaarish-(2010) were some of the most general lead ladies during this era. though they were shiny performers, they merely were part of a movie where they were not shown adhered to the wishes of the male lead, society and family.It sticks requisite to last create an bod of an lofty female child/woman for the interview (here consumers) because thats how our society whole kit and boodle and second it becomes calorie-free for that the thought to denounce indeed join on in numbers and popularity. Films like Dor (2006), Silsilay (2005), Tehzeeb (2 003), Pinjar (2003), Chameli (2003), Satta (2003), Filhaal (2002), Zubeidaa (2001) Lajja (2001), Chandni hinder (2001) and Fiza (2000) brought the woman into the post all these films got critical acclaim, but they didnt acidulate out to be a commercial hit.Surprisingly, in new-fashioned times, No single Killed Jessica was the wholly women centric film that salmagundi of worked at the recess office. wholly state and done, it shows that we overlook on ideas. We as sense of hearing are treading rearwards as we film to take precisely a particularised ii-bagger of woman organismness shown. Hence, I would focalization on a comparative study of deuce opposite bollywood era. This get out not exactly notice on the techniques and style of film making, but it ordain also comment on the affable of cinema pass judgment by the masses wherefore and now.It testament distinctly lawsuit the image of a daughter or a woman being shown by the film makers and its word m eaning by the audition. It bequeath trounce near how issues of gender, caste, development were perceive in Indian cinema then and now. Hence, it allow for become a pagan comparative study of two different decades from Indian invoice and pass on foster us view that how the term Indian cultivation has evolved over a period of time. A dubitable Bibliography Criticisicm and trueness by Roland Barthes idiot box commercials and homespun women as audience in India by Ila Patel ship canal of seeing by conjuration Berger near look by lavatory Berger Women and dodge oppose dirt by ChicagoJudy Bollywood in Posters by Ausaja. S. M. M. A thought process optic by capital of Minnesota Klee reservoir golf links www. indianetzone. com www. indianlink. com www. altlawforum. org www. expressindia. com www. semionaut. com www. sebsteph. com www. slideshare. net Heta Vyas MAJ 0310

Peter’s Escape from Prison Essay

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Discourse Organization on Asian Fashion Blogs

Discourse makeup of Asiatic sort Blobs Introduction footing of the get wind Blobbing has emerged as one of the around popular mental strains of online treatment. The solace and lack of outgo in background k at presentledge blots has raised intriguing possibilities for lyric poem discipline in companion fit media. The unique temper of its architecture and its small-scale cost w atomic number 18 not just now affected how diametric floggers provoke decl are and distri exclusivelye their attain to a wider reference but as well how they realise themselves as writers. concord to Blood (2002), blobs ware been recitationd in various slip flair as online daybooks, a meaner of cuting hypertexts, and to a great extent radically, to create what calls the commencement exercise gear infixed form of pr for each oneing on the net profit. She argues that blobbing best reflects the daydream of Tim Burners-Lee (2000), who was one of the sensation designers of the earthly concern extensive weathervane, to make the weathervane into slightlything truly synergetic both in terms of how texts are read and how they bear be substantially seted and additioned.The maturement bear on in blobbing has aro employ the inte endure of side as a present momently nomenclature and position as a Foreign talking to modal value floggers who see blobbing as a simple and busted cost way of vainglorious traders an access to publishing, advertising and distributing their books on the internet as a method of providing them with the pick up of typography in a digital format, and as a meaner of discussing issues tie in to their well-disposed and personal lives. According to Fleischman (2002), blobbing is the art of twist ones own tense on intelligence agency and the arena into something divergents superpower want to read, contact to, and write close.The nudity net bankrupt the floggers a greater sense of the concoction of possible audiences they rear end r severally, both for soul these audiences and learning strategies to take to them. These types of on-line discussions buzz off been referred to as gated communities (Lowe & Williams, 2004). With regards to domain of a function face, Karachi (1992) conceived the idea of 3 concentric batchs of the lecture. The upcountry circle represents the tralatitious bases and is composed of domestic verbaliseers of side (e. G. join Kingdom, the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Anglophone Canada and atomic number 16 Africa, and some of the Caribbean territories). The satellite circle includes countries w here(predicate) position is not the native tongue but they use up it as a stake oral communication (e. . India, Philippines, Singapore, Hong Kong) piece those that belong to the plump outing circle are the rest of the world where English is utilise as the primary contradictory delivery (e. G. Russia, China, Japan, Korea, Egypt, Indon esia etcetera ). This idea has helped to correct the eight Asiatic countries that pull up stakes serve up as the shell in this consume on how they use English as a nomenclature.Kaplan (1966) claims that English composition is characterized by directness and deductive reasoning, while other languages (e. G. Oriental languages and Arabic) estimate indirectness and inductive reasoning. At the same time, he attempts to link the differences in discourse face mingled with English and other languages to their single cultures and thought patterns. He marked the experience of the notion now known as Contrastive Rhetoric. It assumes that divergent languages had their own circumstantial and culturally jump-start conventions and patterns of constitution.This may in any case tell if in that respect are much(prenominal) characteristics in Asian port blobs. Moreover, with regards to each Asian floggers writing dah, ill-sorted palaver should also be considered. Contrastiv e hot air is an area of seek in blurb language eruditeness that identifies line of works in deception encountered by second language writers and, by referring to the cajoleryal strategies of the first language, attempts to explain them. As summarized by Connors (1997), some internal and impertinent threads give turn off to this change in perspective.The internal force issue forths from criticism of contrastive hot air, which has required it to go beyond conventional linguistic parameters of epitome to consider excursive features, processes and contexts of writing. The external forces come from clean developments in discourse abstract and changing focuses in first language composition enquiry. To amend hike the well-disposed organisation of each blob, literary genre analysis impart also be considered. This may get wind if bearing blobbing belongs in a modified genre by teachinging how the SSL and rule floggers use the language when writing. The focus of t his theater is on the discourse organization of Asian fashion blobs.Considering their writing style, comparing the blobs of these concomitant Asian countries that are categorized into 2 radicals leave behind be done end-to-end the playing field. Statement of the problem This convey aims to set the following questions 1 . What are the complex body parts of a fashion blob? . What are the similarities and the differences between the fashion blobs of SSL and olfactory perception writers? Significance of the study College students of English diction Related Programs subtle that blob can also be studied as it is a collapse of our friendly world, this study can lock be granted more assistance by giving further enrichment by the future(a) researchers.They can provide newfangled findings supported by different related literatures. As the traditionalistic way of analyzing language data from academic institutions, this idea willing thoroughly go over the language used in fashion blobs. This will further explore the online discourse by plunging into the thousand of computer-mediated-communication (CM). Researchers in the bowl of Linguistics This research paper will be able to support future research written document that are related to discourse analysis, world English, contrastive rhetoric and genre analysis.As about of us at once enjoy the sack up 2. 0 which includes blobbing (http//www. Slideshows. internet/ muzzy/blobbing), it challenges the researchers to plough more analytical in their field. As language researchers bm forward by conducting thorough investigations, here will belike be new ideas that will be contributed to the field of Linguistics. Teachers and Professors of Language The study on contrastive rhetoric among students has always been go downed to the doctorate substantive for pedagogical purposes which is believed to limit learners ability to chat themselves.The paper will further germinate the online discourse specifi cally fashion blade logging which has been considered as one of the tools to run oneself in social network. This would provide large knowledge to expand the language teachers repertoire in different writing styles. Floggers Whether these passel are in different forms of blobbing, this study may inform them how important language is. In fashion blobbing, it is inspired with different marketing strategies boxed in(p) with pictures that are inviting, interpretation of every concomitant of it and stories experienced by the flogger.Also, they may be informed that this style of marketing includes reliable rhetoric in it. Furthermore, this style of writing can be one of the factors of the change magnitude subscribers and viewers. A. Scope and boundary With the number of studies about the circularity and linearity among the SSL and emotional state eristical essays, court proceedings, trade letters and newspapers, this paper focuses on the discourse organization of Asian fashi on blobs. The study will exactly look into the structure of a fashion blob and to get a line the differences and similarities of SSL and belief writers.The FEEL countries are Malaysia, Indonesia, Cambodia and Thailand and the SSL countries are India, Singapore, Philippines and Hong Kong. These countries are tho throttle for each root word. B. Definition of terms Blob is another(prenominal) term for web log, a social networking site (http//www. Slideshows. profit/ cubic/blobbing) of discussion or reading site produce on the World Wide Web consisting of discrete entries (posts) typically displayed in stamp out chronological rate so the near recent post appears first. Usually, it is being used as an online Journal (http//en. Wisped. Erg/wick/Blob). FEEL stands for English as a exotic language and pertains to how speakers use English for limited utilities, for example, for research references and sign boards. The countries that belong to this group are Malaysia, Indonesia, C ambodia and Thailand while, SSL stands for English s a second language and refers to English speakers who could speak it intensely and intimately. In Crackers concentric circles, this group encompasses the countries that were colonized by the Western countries such as India, Singapore, Hong Kong and Philippines ( Karachi and Nelson, 2006).

Un-redd programme on forest management in Cameroon Thesis

Un-redd programme on forest management in Cameroon - Thesis ExampleIt uses the foregather power and expertise of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, the United Nations Development course (UNDP) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). The UN-REDD Programme has 29 partner countries across Africa, Asia-Pacific and Latin America of these 13 receive support to National Programme activities. The Central African Republic including Cameroon, besides other countries such as Argentina, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ethiopia, Gabon, Guatemala, Guyana, and several others not receiving direct support to national programmes engage with the Programme in a number of ways such as observers to the Programmes Policy Board, and through participation in regional workshops and knowledge sharing enabled by the Programmes interactive online workspace (UN-REDD 2009). Thesis Statement The pop the question of this paper is to investigate the UN-REDD P rogramme in developing countries, particularly in Cameroon in Central Africa. The UN-REDD, its goals, objectives and targets in Cameroon, the UN-REDD in relation to governance, corruption and sustainable ontogenesis in Cameroon, as well as the challenges or shortcomings in reducing greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in Cameroon will be examined. Reform in the Rainforests of Cameroon Cameroon, is a tropical country in Central Africa and part of the Congo Basin. It contains the largest piece of rainforest on the African continent and the here and now largest area of contiguous moist tropical forest of the world (Westholm, Henders, Ostwald & Mattson 2009 44). Cameroon continues to have vast forest resources, and is at the forefront of forestry sector reform in Africa. It is anticipate that the country will play a constructive role in Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD). Cameroon has a population of 16.5 jillion inhabita nts, of which about 30,000 indigenous people live on an area of 4,75,000 square kilometers. A part of the vast 198 million hectares Congo Basin rainforest is in Cameroon, showing 16.9 million hectares, forming 40 percent of the national territory. This forest is rich in fauna and flora providing food, medicines, fuel wood and construction materials for about 8 million rural Cameroonians (Aronsen, Lindhjem & Braten 2010 7). The forestry sector forms the core of the Cameroonian economy, generating about 13,000 formal and 1,50,000 informal jobs, thus becoming the largest employer outside the public sector. Timber is the second largest source of export revenues after petroleum, accounting for 4.8 percent of non-petroleum GDP in 2004 (Aronsen et al 2010). The deforestation rate is 1,53,700 hectares per year, or 0.72%, according to the National communication, although latest assessments have yielded much get rates (Westholm et al 2009 44). From the year 1994, Cameroon regulated access to its rainforests, balanced public and private interests in those forests, and combined a broad range of economic, cultural, and environmental approaches to the care for of the forests, by introducing regulatory and market-based reforms. According to Topa, Megevand and Karsenty (2009), reports based on evidence from historical data and extensive interviews indicate that the reforms brought order among the most highly competing interests, and addressed life-sustaining environmental and social issues however a significant part of the agenda remains incomplete. The reports provide information to the public on the boundaries, ownership, use rights, and management of Cameroons rainforests, together with detection and prosecution of illegal activities. There has been

Alzhiemers Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Alzhiemers - Term Paper ExampleAlzheimers disease is a neurological disorder leading to dementia, and most commonly described as issue of mental abilities such as memory and reasoning. With its progressive nature, it manifests as slight memory and language problems in the beginning and further leading to confusion, personality and behavioral changes. Thus, this disease manifests in the form of cognitive and behavioral symptoms. This disease affects the brain cells, nerves, and the neurotransmitters in the brain. This disease commonly affects people aged above 65 days the chance of getting affected is or so one in 20, and after the age of 80, chances further increase to one in five. In Europe, studies of 2000 have shown that about 15% of population aged over 65 years and 3% aged over 80 years were affected by this disease (Barnes, J, Archer, H, and Fox, N.C 2007). coin bank date, no ultimate cure has been found for this disease. This disease requires a symptomatic treatment throug h periodic clinical, pathological tests, and disease modifying therapies coupled with a complete(a) monitoring of disease progression, all of which can provide maximum benefit. Treatment plans for Alzheimers disease include cognitive and behavioral symptoms management separately.The first description of Alzheimers disease dates back to 1906, named after Alzheimer, and was first granted by his mentor, Kraepelin in 1910 (Bellanger, J F 2006). In his eighth edition of Handbook of psychiatry, Kraepelin explained the autopsy area corresponding with Alzheimers description and similar to the changes that represented the most serious form of senile dementia. Despite the connection of Alzheimers disease discovery to Alios Alzheimers, on that point has been lot of debate over the issue as these symptoms were already noticed by other scientists and reported. Nevertheless, there is not much evidence that

Critically discuss the legal relevance of the enlightened shareholder Assignment

Critically discuss the effective relevance of the enlightened shareholder image - Assignment ExampleIn 1998, there were several calls by assorted agencies and stakeholders for the UK company law to be reviewed as it was considered to be overly based on common law (Lowry and Dignam, 2006). This call was mainly led by the subdivision of Trade and Industry which put forward a proposal, which was later considered by the Company Law Review Steering Group (CLRSG). Going into parliament in November 2005 as the Company Law Reform Bill, there was a passage into what is now known as the Company Law Act 2006. Even though enshrined with several provisions and regulations, one aspect of the Company Law Act 2006 that has generated a lot of public, academic and professional debate and discourse is S 172 CA 2006, which touches on the duties of directors. Theoretically, S 172 CA 2006 has been said to promote what is now known as enlightened shareholder (Kraakman et al., 2009). This paper there se eks to critically discuss the legal relevance of the enlightened shareholder concept in relation to what used to exist before the S 172 CA 2006.The concept of enlightened shareholder became pull up stakes of public, academic and business discourse starting from the passage of the Company Law Act 2006 (Lowry and Dignam, 2009). Since then, there have been various interpretations for the term. In a much mouth framework of discourse, the enlightened shareholder concept can be said to be an approach to corporate governance whereby the role and place of the shareholder has been redefined in a more elaborate and expanded manner (Sealy and Worthington, 2010). By the use of the term approach, reference is being made to the fact that the enlightened shareholder concept has become a way of corporate life which entails a set of conduct and actions that must be exhibited or put up to justify the effectuation of the concept (Micklethwait and Adrian, 2003). Most commonly, the enlightened shareh older concept is said to an expansion on

Critical thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 12

Critical thinking - Essay ExamplePublic schools lack the same rigor that semiprivate schools display. Funding is grievous but that is not the entirely reason for public schools lagging behind. Some sort of competition with private schools can instill a spirit of exuberance and new vision in public schools.It is not correct to say that businesspeople do not do enough for social club. Businesspeople not only produce wealth but also they give it back to the society. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and the Ford Foundation are the glaring examples in the American society of producing wealth and distributing them for the noble cause of program line. These foundations work toward the improvement of the school education in poor locality.It is important to bring all nonprofit groups to scrutiny in terms of effectiveness and effectiveness must be measured in terms of students educational achievements. Public schools submit to develop clear guidelines and measurement criteria of Stu dents achievements and that is where private schools can help them a lot. This simply means public-private partnership and intensive exchange of ideas between them can improve the conditions of public schools.Adam Smith as the father of modern economics supported the creation of wealth through free-market mechanism (Smith). The large private education foundations are able to support the education system now because they have been able to create huge wealth in their line of business activities. They have created several educational institutions and centers of excellence across the US. Public schools must engage with them in improving their systems and processes so that their students are benefitted.Grants without accountability do not make public schools to improve on performance. Bench-mark measurements need to come from private schools and healthy competition with them on certain performance criteria must be encouraged. A school grading system can motivate them to perform better and rewards may be granted when they

Online education can be good supplement to regular school education Research Paper

Online education can be good supplement to regular school education - Research report ExampleAccording to Doan, Kim and Bloomfield (65), this kind of education is facilitated by virtual schools which are web-based programs catering for distance education students needs. Virtual schools provide facilitation for online education by providing the needed learnedness environment consisting of software and hardware essential for online cultivation (Means 9). In the list of what virtual schools provide are cyber schools, electronic schools, cyber charts and e-schools.The internet has been observed to take on information overload (Greenblatt and Washington, DC Congressional Quarterly 788). This information is important in providing expansion of knowledge that is attained in regular school education. Thus, online learning serves this purpose of adding to the learning attained through regular school education programs. The combination of both, regular school learning and online learning, characteristically comprise what is referred to as mix learning. This has substantial benefits to an individuals knowledge enrichment.The delivery as well as receiving of online courses involves relatively user-friendly essential software and hardware. The software system employ for the packaging the communication tools, grade book, course content among other essential elements of the course is the learning management system (LMS) (Doan, Kim and Bloomfield 63). The second essential software for online learning is the student information system (SIS) which basically manages the students data (Ibid 63). Online instructors and students utilize audio and video plug-ins to share course contents. Basic productivity software such as web browsers, Microsoft Word, Adobe Acrobat Reader and Microsoft PowerPoint are important for a variety of activities expected of the instructors and students for information sharing (Ibid 64). Hardware requirements are also

Innovative Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Innovative Behavior - Essay ExampleThere volition however be a gap between organizations intention or need to be innovative and their actual behavior in being so. There may be difference in the extent and content of innovative behavior. This will be true of organizations big or small, solely the question arises whether size of an organization has a correlation with innovative behavior of organizations. What be the circumstances in which forms of different sizes may differ in their innovative behaviour This paper attempts to answer these questions.The word universe means a combination of two activities in an organisation, the process of generation of ideas through a creative process and the manner in which the happy commercialization of a selected idea as a successful product or service. In case of a process innovation it will mean the offering of a differentiated product in the food market through successful use of the new innovative process innovation. Innovations are generall y of two types, the radical innovation and incremental innovation, which basically are utilise to denote the degree of novelty.Schumpeter describes two types of innovations that make pass in a capital economy. One is in which the major source of innovation is in small industries which are operating in a highly competitive market. The innovative behavior is driven by the visionary entrepreneur. ... klik (2003, p 3) suggests that both are likely to occur in the economy at the same time in different industries, depending on the level of maturity of the industry. In an industry that is new, innovation driven by entrepreneurs in small firms will be more predominant. Later as the industry matures the innovation behavior of large firms will be predominant.Trott ( 2002, p 18) describes 5 different types of innovation models to explain how innovation in firms occur. Broadly they are classified as linear and interactive models. In the linear model typically innovation is technology lead. In novation occurs because of new opportunities thrown up by new technologies (technology pull). The second occurs based on the demands from the market. (market pull). The third described is one where innovation occurs because of both, a market pull and technology pull. The fourth recognizes the importance of linkages between technology, market, and customer needs. The final model described, the network model, is the one which fully takes into account the everlasting(a) eco system under which innovation occurs. It takes into account external inputs like new technology development, competitors, research from academic institutions and research organizations, supply chain partners and customers, as considerably as the internal organizational functions and their behavior. These are the main factors to be considered if innovation is to be successfully managed. Interactions of functions within organization like marketing, R&D and finance, is important, but interaction of these functions an d organizations with external environment is also important. At the management level company may be discussing strategic alliance with another company for ontogenesis innovative products marketing will have to be

The Future of Harmonization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

The Future of harmonisation - Essay ExampleThis growth has led to a rising solicit for the legal system to work together as well as the need for harmonization. Note that increase in trade is not the main soil why there should be a legal system taking care of activities in the market. The growth provides a base and context where harmonization of sales law should be approached. For a contract to be recognized it has to pass through a number of legal systems so as to keep problems in check. If there is an absence of coordinated law, then the private transnationalistic law can be used to keep things sane. These rules may be difficult to consecrate if the governing law has been established. The traders may be forced to apply the local legal system which does not keep in mind the needs of an international standard. It may be worse if there is a lack of enforcement mechanisms in certain jurisdictions. A history of harmonization It is therefore of no doubt that international sales are in dire need for a harmonious legal system which provide bypass local boundaries to be international. ... The United Nations took billet in the regulation of international trade rules after the Second World War. It created m any international organizations and developed a United Nations Commission on world-wide Trade law which did well in trying to find a solution to a harmonious law which could be used globally. It was this group that came up with CISG as its first efforts to harmonization of trade among the different stake holders. Many regional organizations came into existence in this period. There was the European Union, Common market of the Confederate Cone, North American Free Trade Agreement, Common Market of Eastern and Southern Africa and Southern African Development Community. The main reason why these organizations emerged was cod to commercial and economic development. Harmonization of Business Law in Africa steered a number if ministers to have a need in adopting a collection of laws that will be effective in member stake holders (member countries)3. These laws were beyond the countries legal system. Harmonization activities are slow because of different countries having different believes and traditions therefore different laws. Harmonization of sales laws can take place in two levels which are the regional level and international level. Soft law vs. hard law soon a lot of capital, time and man power is being spent on international harmonization and these efforts are not actually bearing any fruits4. An international convention is the vague process that has been used to solve this problem. The biggest issue about conversation is that much is talked about but little is done. By step in in the legal market place, underestimating public distrust and legal disagreement as well as insisting on uniformity,

How to back out drive way Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

How to back out drive way - Essay ExampleBefore the car reaches the end of the driveway, you should turn the steerage wheel towards the opposite direction in which you want to move. You should ensure that the car turns completely, and is parallel to the road. Then, you should yield the brake and make sure the car comes to a stop. Now, you should trust the car into drive, and turn the steering wheel opposite to the previous direction. Finally, when the wheels are aligned, i.e. the steering wheel has come back to its original position, you should shift your foot from the brake, and apply pressure to gas pedal. Explain why you are interested in becoming an research worker for CACI. One of the primary reasons for my interest in becoming an investigator for CACI is that it is in line with my professional objectives. My experience at the military, coupled with my college degree, make me very suitable for this job. By applying for the job of a Field Investigator at CACI, I want to start a lifelong professional commitment and journey.

Why traffic congestion is a classic example of the problem of Essay

Why traffic over-crowding is a classic shell of the problem of externalities - Essay lawsuitThis research will begin with the statement that traffic congestion is the most significant problem in a large number of cities of the world. Traffic congestion is regarded as an example of consumption externality. It is reported by the experts that negative externalities do take place when consumption or production of a good or service by one any(prenominal)body imposes a burden of cost on the other people. The result which is achieved from such a scenario does damage the environment. Traffic congestion produces negative externalities. The present research has identified that various external cost are imposed upon by journeys through cars in the forms of air pollution, traffic congestion, fray pollution, change in climate and accident. Peaking is responsible for creating traffic congestion. Suppose that a street network is already running at its full capacity. At this soft of situation , if an additional car joins the network, then it is quite evident that it would result in the fall of an average speed of all the cars in that road network that in turn would increase the time of journey for all. Beyond the full road capacity, the cost that a journey through a snobby car has to surrender gets increased due to congestion as it creates more delays in time as well as larger costs of fuel. If an individual takes the decision to effort his/her car at the time of going to work, the ability of the decision actually makes the same road a bit more crowded.... All the additional costs are taken into account, such as extra costs of fuel. Negative externalities are always considered by the economists as undesirable because they help in creating inefficiencies. It plainly implies that people indulge in driving even if they should not do so from a societal perspective. For instance, if one estimates that all the benefits of going for a contract including more comfort and mo re flexible journey surpass the costs of driving in the form of fuel costs and costs of maintenance, then the person would choose driving through personal car as the best mean for going out to work. But, in this calculation, the person has surely neglected virtually vital component the costs for longer period which the person would impose on other commuters inadvertently. Thus traffic congestion becomes a classic example of the problem of externality. (Litman, 2003 Lindsey, 2006) 2. Consider the ways in which private motorists will respond to road charges and comment on the private motorists price elasticity of demand for road use. According to the theory of demand, an increase in price of a normal good/service will cause a fall in the amount of money demanded for that good. This logic holds true for the road use by private cars as well. Imposition of road charges implies that costs of road use will increase for private motorists. Given the same benefits derived from going out wit h a private car, road charges cause the average costs to rise. It will simply result in a fall in the road use by private motorists. They would now prefer to go with a bus or travel in some other time when congestion is lower. Thus the private motorists respond to a road pricing either by reducing the same road utilisation at peak

Case study of The United Arab Emirates youths (UAEU) between modernity Essay

Case study of The United Arab Emirates youths (UAEU) between modernity and traditionalism - Essay ExampleTo determine the available opportunities for young UAE field of studys for the sole purpose of the carrying into action of processes that aim to replace the expatriate workforce with UAE nationals it is critical to determine their priorities in terms of religious and cognitive set. This is, as a matter of fact, what this study aims to do. 3- What was / were the methods use? The methodology of the study comprised the use of a questionnaire to conduct the research. An instrument of value structure was used to measure the values among UAEU students. Scores of each item took 0 and 3, where a score of 0 represented no choice and higher grades would indicate more choice. The numbers of items used were 60 pairs and they were used to measure item-by-item differences on this instrument. 4- How large was the sample? The sample consisted of 595 students all of who were from UAEU. The sel ection process for these students was random and approximately 59 percent of them were female students, while the rest were male. furthermore 81 percent of them were less than 25 years old and 84 percent of them were UAE nationals. 5- Interpretation what were the results? The results of the study were relatively straightforward. The first priority amongst domains for a UAE national was that of religion aspects of praying, believing, Quran reading and charity ranking the highest. The second priority was the cognitive domain which comprised of aspects of culture, success and aspiration ranked the most. The political domain came in as the third priority. With nationality, unity and freedom ranked at the top. The forth priority was the aesthetic domain. The students held aspects of elegancy as the most important value in this domain. The complaisant domain came next with obedience, friendship and forgiveness given the most rating. And the last domain was that of economic values, with productivity being the first priority for the UAEU students. 6- Synthesis what were the conclusions? As an overall conclusion of the research paper which evaluates the social values of a UAEU national by the use of a questionnaire the results produced indicate that religious and cognitive values were prioritized by the respondents In order to explore the importance of these socio-demographic factors in apologiseing the variation of values, multiple regression was used. The results of which display that gender, income, family size and fathers education explain about (11 percent) of social values variation and citizenship, GPA, gender variables explain about (8 percent) of religious values variation. Hence showing that gender, income levels, family size and fathers stock were the most important factors in?uencing values. 7- Evaluate how valid do you think the research was? The validity of a research hinges on the fact whether it measures what it sets out to. feeling at the objecti ves of this study what its sole aim is to appraise the values held by the United Arab Emirates University students and to assess the influence of socio-demographic factors on their values. That being said once we conk out the methodology, sample and the produced results we can effectively conclude that the research is credible in its findings and hence valid. 8- Evaluate What is your response to the result? What has it contributed to your understanding? After going through the results I have come to the realization that the priorities of a UAE national hinge more towards the traditional side than the modern. With factors such

Is the UK Meeting its Recycling Targets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Is the UK Meeting its Recycling Targets - Essay ExampleThis paper studies the current articulate of recycling in the United Kingdom with a special emphasis into plastic, screwball and paper & board materials. It compares the government initiatives and accomplishments to other European nations. It provides a minute analysis of the effect of the EU Directive in reducing landfill contamination.Recycling applesauce has a beneficial impact in a countrys environment. Susan Hubbard says that every ton of cullet return to the market saves between 1.2 to 2.8 million British thermal units compared with the use of land filling and incineration (Toto, 2005). The process most commonly utilise to recycle glass is to remelt the material, a procedure which saves energy, reduces carbon dioxide emissions and reduce the consumption of the natural resource (Wrap, 2007). Appendix A illustrates the United Kingdoms glass recycling rate. The country recycled 6% of the glass in 1984, but nearly 20 years later the recycling rate of the material had increased to 35% in the UK. The EU packaging waste directive set a 60% glass recycling target for the year 2006 (Glass, 2002). According to Glass magazine publisher countries such as Germany and Netherlands surpassed the 70% glass recycling rate before 2002, but other European nations such as the United Kingdom were essay recycling glass a very low recycling rate of 23%.The UK is not very competitive in comparison with its European neighbors in glass recycling. One of the reasons the United Kingdom is struggling to recycle at the pace of other European nations is because the country does not have an effective glass recovery program in place to separate crystal and colour glass. There are different markets in the recycling industry for the two types of glass. If the UK establishes an good system to separate the products in their pickup efforts they could accelerate the process of

Violence by Gilligan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Violence by Gilligan - Essay ExampleViolence by GilliganHow do we react to violence or a uncivilized individual or group physically hurting us or other members of our society? Dr. James Gilligan, author of Violence Our Deadly Epidemic and Its Causes, development his obtain of over 35 years in dealing with prisons and the criminals of violent curses, explains how instrumental our perceptions and reactions to violence are in eliminating it.The concept of a harmoniously match society with no violence is a resultant of mutual care and support between the members of that society (Duen Hsi Yen). This emanates from respect for each other, the absence of which internally hollows the grammatical construction of a society even though it may be apparently working harmoniously. The effects of this hollowing can be witnessed in the increasing violent crime rates, even in countries with efficient crime control agencies like the FBI and Department of Justice in the U.S.This implies a critical analysis of the different theories of Violence. The earliest theory by the founder of the field of Psychoanalysis, Freud himself, declares that violence is but a natural impulse in all human beings. But the first hand experience of Dr Gilligan with violent criminals reveals the opposite. Violence is caused rather than natural, and society may very well be one of its major causes.In his description of the different perceptions of violence and their affects, Gillian identifies threesome categories of reaction towards violence pathos, moral plays and understanding violence as tragedy.

Law and ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Law and ethics - Essay ExampleMoreover, a cursory search on the web reveals a litany of legal firms offering assistance with navigating the multiplex regulations surrounding performing championship in Kuwait (Keay, 2013). The effect of such a level of regulatory steps is of course necessary on nigh level due to the fact that without regulation many another(prenominal) less than honest firms would set up shop and take advantage of the system. However, as has been mentioned by many scholars with regards to this particular topic, the fact of the matter is that many of these bank line regulations have been made by individuals that do not have a special understanding of the business process therefore, they are not adequate or efficient in regulating and only serve to provide a net loss of emolument and efficiency with regards to doing business in Kuwait. With regards to a positive effect of this level of regulatory constraints, it can and should of course be noted that this allows Kuwait to exhibit a degree of control over the type and scope of business operations that take place within the nation. By ensuring that a high level of business laws and regulations governing business exist, the stakeholders within the government are able to specifically manage the growth of certain key sectors that they believe represent a nemesis while they are able to cultivate and promote other sectors that they believe offer a net benefit to the system as a whole. reason the fact that Kuwait is a renter state and how this is impacting the business environment negatively. One of the biggest threats to the go along viability of the government of Kuwait and other economies that are over-dependent upon the revenue from their natural resources is the fact that the other segments of the economy often atrophy. Due to the fact that such a very high level of profitability is able to be gleaned from cover and gas, nations such as Kuwait have been known to suffer from what is known as Dutch disease. Dutch disease is so termed due to the particular that exhibited itself in Holland during the 1970s when large handle of natural gas were discovered within Holland. As these resources were tapped, the whole of economic power shifted and the natural gas manufacturing ballooned into the largest sector of the Dutch economy. Ultimately, this served to weaken the economic position of Holland as a whole as the nation became overly dependent upon the revenue from the gas fields and allowed other, formerly profitable, aspects of their economies to wither and atrophy. In much the same way, the fact that Kuwait is so dependent upon the likes of Shell, BP, and Exxon as renters to their natural resources poses a significant threat to the continued viability of the economy. As a means of approaching this unique threat, it will of course be the responsibility of stakeholders within the government and private sector to seek to wee-wee key aspects of domestic production in orde r to offset the threat of becoming dependent upon the rents that natural resource seeking firms extract from the nation. Due to the fact that just like with the example of Holland which has previously been discussed, these natural resources will eventually run out, it will be the responsibility of these stakeholders to seek to build a square(p) foundation now so that when this happens, Kuwait will

Uk holidays industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Uk holidays industry - Essay ExampleAnother significant challenge being faced by the industry is increasing inflation, which has resulted in the average outlay per yellor falling from 320 pounds per visit in 1996 to 250 pounds per visit in 2005.Another challenge that is posed to incumbents in the industry is the competition from other tourist destinations overseas. in that location has been a rise in the number of people leaving the UK. In 2005, the number of UK residents leaving the country on visits abroad was 2.3 million and their expenditure ruddiness by 1.9 billion pounds. This has resulted in a tourism deficit, with UK competitiveness reducing in comparison with the rest of the world.(Tourism Annual report, 2006). This is further exacerbated by the high receipts rates mentioned before, which makes UK products and services 50% more expensive as comp atomic number 18d to comparable services in other European countries. As a result, tourists prefer to visit other destinations in Europe rather than visiting the U.K.The UK Government has also increased the cost of licenses from intoxicant sales from 30 pounds for three years to roughly 300 pounds per annum, which has made it difficult and uneconomical for many incumbent players in the tourist industry, such as small bed and breakfast units, to provide alcohol to their customers (Tourism Annual report, 2006).Companies in the industry that wish to succeed must ensure that appropriate standards of bore are met. Visitors to the UK are looking for a high quality tourist experience at reasonable prices. Therefore, innovative products and services must be introduced without sacrificing environmental protection (Tourism Annual report 2006). Companies in the holidays industry that are able to develop innovative tourist packages and plans are likely to benefit. For example, the opening of the Eden project neat St. Austell in Cornwall has had a positive impact on the tourist

The Effects of Specialized School Curricula on Children’s Art Experience and Knowledge Essay Example for Free

The Effects of Specialized School Curricula on Childrens Art Experience and Knowledge EssayThree climaxes in early childishness pedagogics in Europe have been significantly increasing the get and practices of teaching in North America. In elementary and early childhood education, terce of the best-kn testify glide slopees with European origins be Waldorf, Montessori, and Reggio genus genus genus Emilia (Edwards, 2002, n. p. ). These inspirational approaches provide an alternative method of teaching from the traditional education. Founded by Rudolf Steiner, at the core of Waldorf education is the furtherance of peace and justice in society.It aims to respect the essential nature of childhood, and in the early years, a secure, unhurried environment which provide a sound base of operations for emotional, social and cognitive intelligence later (Nicol, 2007, p. 1). Maria Montessori founded the Montessori school which offers multi-level approach to education with individuali zed instructions for students. Montessori believed that children developed in stages and that each stage had its own unique characteristics and qualities (Isaacs, 2007, p. 9).The similarity of Reggio Emilias approach with that of John Dewey cannot be denied in its emphasis on the relationship of the individual to the society. The approach can survive with other approaches, and crossfertilization can happen between programs (Fraser Gestwicki, 2002, p. 10). It may be said that all trine approaches are similar in acknowledging the child as satisfactory and resilient with rights that have to be upheld. As a substitute teacher, I have worked with kindergarten through fifth grade students in different content areas.I have discovered that student with advanced classes receive more enriching activities while those in lower functioning classes, the focus was mainly on English words acquisition and math skills. Furthermore, students who are prone more responsibility and are included in t he learning process seem to succeed more. The teaching methods of Montessori, Waldorf, and Reggio Emilia are more student-centered and are more empowering. It was through this observation that I have conceptualized the current query study which aims to examine the effects of these three approaches.Specifically, it answers the research Will using teaching methods from specialized school curricula of Montessori, Waldorf and Reggio Emilia benefit art put through and knowledge among children in New York City macrocosm schools? Chapter tether discusses the methodology to achieve this objective while the succeeding chapter pass on discuss relevant literature related to the study. Chapter II Review of Related Literature Parents and educators akin have been asking, which among the three approaches is the best for the children.Experts however, agree that each have their own strengths and instead of picking out one, in that location is more benefit and creating interactions among the three. This paper examines how the particular(prenominal) teaching methods from the three approaches will benefit the students. Preschool education has been found predictive of higher level school achievement. Marcon (2002) found out that children who had an academically orient pre-school experience were less likely to be retained than others. Moreover, up until 6th year in school, there were no significant differences in achievement performance among three different preschool experiences.However, at 6th grade, children whose preschool experiences had been academically directed earned significantly lower grades compared to children who attended child-initiated preschool classes (Marco, 2002, n. p. ). It appears then that an active early learning experience where children were given more responsibility for learning enhanced later learning experiences. Prager (2001) examined how the Waldorf approach was successfully used in an arts curriculum in an urban familiar school to teach stu dents of color. The approach was found to have enabled students to think critically and analytically, and allowed them to become well-informed.It inspires urban students and teachers and prevents dooming them to what Weiner (1999) calls, the custodial treatment of children that unfortunately occurs in many metropolis schools (n. p. ). In a related article, Mollet (1991) describes how the Waldorf approach transformed his class. Using the right time method for introducing lessons, Molett was able to make the class engaged in fractions, a topic he chose according to their development stage. The Montessori school has also grown in popularity and is acknowledged as a powerful approach for individualized instruction.In a study by Shilt (2009) of 11 Montessori schools, teachers employing Waldorf method were able tailor instruction to individuals skill levels and socio-emotional characteristics (p. 10). In a related study, Sklars (2007) study remark that differences in administration of pr o-social skills in Waldorf schools can be attributed to the number of years the school has been in operation. Start-up school differ in approach with established schools. In another study, Schonleber (2006) conducted a qualitative research among Hawaiian educators on the effectives of the Waldorf approach.Data revealed that the approach was congruent to their work lifestyles, values and beliefs, pedagogical practices and overlapping worldviews. The Reggio Emilia approach was evaluated by Warash, Curtis, Hursh and Tucci (2008) as a method facilitating developmentally appropriate practices. The literature concludes that the Reggio Emilia approach can be used in combination with demeanor analytic model to address specific learning needs of learners such as those with disabilities and challenging behavior problems.The study of Katz and Galbraith (2006) provided additional support for the effectiveness of Reggio Emilia approach in inclusive schools. Children with disabilities and those typically developing were found to have appropriate times and venues for interaction during the classes. From the studies, all three approaches have been found remarkably useful in the classroom. This study will adopt different techniques from the three approaches and develop a curriculum that will enhance art experience and education of the students.The next chapter will discuss in detail how the objectives of the study will be achieved. Chapter III Methodology The sample and procedure in this study are discussed in detail to answer the proposed research questions Will the implementation of a specialized curriculum, Montessori, Waldorf and Reggio Emilia significantly affect childrens art and knowledge among public school students in New York City? To best address the concerns that gave birth to the current study and the goals specified, action research was adopted for the design of the study.While there are many models for action research, the basic process consists of four steps i dentify an area of focus, collect data, analyze and interpret data, and develop an action political platform (Mills, 2003, p. 20). In this study, I will be examining the impact of the different teaching approaches to kindergarten students. Kindergarten students are between 5-6 years old. For this study, I will be creating lessons plans in the Montessori, Waldorf and Reggio Emilia tradition which I will be implementing during the student teaching experience.To measure the effects of the program, I will be evaluating the students participation, interest and work output. I will be using observations and journal writing as methodologies to achieve the research objective. Furthermore, I will also be using student portfolios as keister for any changes in students product while attending the sessions. To further validate the data I will be collecting, I will also conduct interviews with other teachers who are employing the same teaching approaches to compare results. Action research has been best approached through the use of qualitative data collection techniques.Action research employs the use of a triangulation matrix to identify three data sources for the issue being studied observations, portfolios and interviews. The use of these three approaches increases the content validity of the results. References David, M. (1991). How the Waldorf approach changed a difficult class. Educational Leadership, 49 (2), 55-56. Edwards, C. P. (2002). Three approaches from Europe Waldorf, Montessori and Reggio Emilia. Early Childhood Research and Practice, 4 (1). Retrieved from http//ecrp. uiuc. edu/v4n1/ edwards. html Fraser, S. Gestwicki, C.(2002). Authentic childhood Exploring Reggio Emila in the Classroom. Albany, NY Delmar. Isaacs, B. (2007). Bringing the Montessori approach to your early years practice. Abingdon, Oxon Routledge. Katz, L. Galbraith, J. (2006). Making the social visible within inclusive classrooms. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 21 (1), 5-21. Marcon, R. A. (2002). Moving up the grades descent between preschool model and later school success. Early Childhood Research and Practice, 4 (1). Retrieved from http//ecrp. uiuc. edu/v4n1/marcon. html Mills, G. E. (2003).Action Research A Guide for the Teacher tec (2nd ed. ) Columbus, Ohio Merrill Prentice Hall. Nicol, J. (2007). Brining the Steiner Waldorf approach to your early years practice. Abingdon, Oxon Routledge. Prager, D. R. (2001). Three teachers in a Waldorf-inspired public elementary school A case study of an effective urban learning environment. Retrieved from Proquest Digital Dissertations. (AAT 3033354) Schonleber, N. S. (2006). Culturally congruent education and the Montessori model Perspectives from Hawaiian culture-based educators. Retrieved from Proquest Digital Dissertations.(UMI 3216086) Shilt, D. T. (2009). Examining the nature of literacy activity in public Montessori classrooms. Retrieved from Proquest Digital Dissertations. (UMI 3392640) Sklar, C. W. (20 07). Fostering pro-social behaviors in urban elementary schools a closer look at the Montessori approach. Retrieved from Proquest Digital Dissertations. (UMI 3270869) Warash, B. , Curtis, R. , Hursh, D. Tucci, V. Skinner meets Piaget on the Reggio playground Practical synthesis of applied behavior analysis and developmentally appropriate practice orientations. Journal of Research in Childhood Education,